Table 1 (abstract A56). Identified elements of CDA with representative texts

Genres

Narrative: Mid-March 2018, we noted reports of blurred vision among school event attendees in a village in South India

Argumentative: Claim-Contamination of drinking water could be the source of the outbreak. Warrant- Such contaminated source has been implicated to be the source of E. coli in many diarrheal outbreaks in India and elsewhere in the world.

Premises- The floods following the cyclone may be a reason for the contamination of drinking water.

Scales of discourse

Global: Globally, an estimated 11-20 million people become ill from typhoid and between 128-161,000 people die from it annually.

National: Typhoid fever is endemic in many parts of India with an estimated incidence of 377 (178-801) per 100,000 person-years

Local: In May 2018, the microbiology department of KAP Viswanatham medical college of Trichy, Tamil Nadu detected and reported a cluster of four isolates of S. Typhi resistant to Ceftriaxone.

Indirect intertextuality

"It has been estimated in a study that 27,486,636 DAL YS will be lost in the year 2016 in India due to diarrheal diseases."

Clauses

Elaborative: “...about common exposures to food, water or place (travel history, mass gathering, social activity)”.

Temporal: "Subsequently, they devised an operational case definition to diagnose cases individually."

Additive: “They complained of overcrowding and lack of cleanliness during their stay; they also mentioned the practice of drinking raw water daily."

Categorical assertion

“It is projected that by 2050, the number will increase to 10 million deaths per year.”

Modalised assertions

“Our report may be the first report of Photokeratitis due to the indoor exposure to unshielded mercury vapour and metal halide lights from South India.”

Passivated sentence

“Overall cleanliness was graded as good when there was no litter.”

The omission of subjects/actors

“It is of importance to educate food handlers”.

“The indoor school event occurred on..”

Strategic disappearance and appearance of authors

“Firstly, the bias in selection could have led to an underestimation of the attack rate. However, it is less likely that we would have under-estimated the incidence.”

Nominalisation

“Environmental investigation indicated that the water of the wells used at the ice factory and the hotel were positive for non-faecal contamination”.

"This new public health problem has repercussions for the health system."

Problem-solution structure

“Drinking contaminated water from borewell was associated with the diarrhoeal disease. Repairing the water pipelines led to the control of the outbreak”.

Contrastive/concessive structure

"We could have had information bias for the ascertainment of exposure as well as the outcome. However, despite such bias, the magnitude of the association was beyond chance.”